Particularly in the early years of her son's reign, she provided political advice and attempted to mediate during the Becket controversy. She settled her court near Rouen and for the rest of her life concerned herself with the administration of Normandy, acting on her son's behalf when necessary. Matilda returned to Normandy, now in the hands of her husband, in 1148, leaving her eldest son to continue the campaign in England he eventually succeeded to the throne as Henry II in 1154, forming the Angevin Empire. Large parts of the rest of the country were in the hands of local, independent barons. The war degenerated into a stalemate, with Matilda controlling much of the south-west of England, and Stephen the south-east and the Midlands. Matilda became trapped in Oxford Castle by Stephen's forces that winter, and to avoid capture was forced to escape at night across the frozen River Isis to Abingdon, reputedly wearing white as camouflage in the snow. Robert was captured following the Rout of Winchester in 1141, and Matilda agreed to exchange him for Stephen. As a result of this retreat, Matilda was never formally declared Queen of England, and was instead titled "Lady of the English" ( Latin: domina Anglorum). Matilda's forces captured Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, but the Empress's attempt to be crowned at Westminster collapsed in the face of bitter opposition from the London crowds. In 1139, Matilda crossed to England to take the kingdom by force, supported by her half-brother Robert of Gloucester and her uncle David I of Scotland, while her husband, Geoffrey, focused on conquering Normandy. Stephen took steps to solidify his new regime but faced threats both from neighbouring powers and from opponents within his kingdom. The throne was instead taken by Matilda's cousin Stephen of Blois, who enjoyed the backing of the English Church. Henry died in 1135, but Matilda and Geoffrey faced opposition from Anglo-Norman barons. Henry I had no further legitimate children and nominated Matilda as his heir, making his court swear an oath of loyalty to her and her successors, but the decision was not popular in the Anglo-Norman court. On Emperor Henry V's death, Matilda was recalled to Normandy by her father, who arranged for her to marry Geoffrey of Anjou to form an alliance to protect his southern borders.
MATILDA MEN OF WAR 2 FULL
Matilda's younger and only full brother, William Adelin, died in the White Ship disaster of 1120, leaving Matilda's father and realm facing a potential succession crisis. Matilda and Henry V had no children, and when he died in 1125, the imperial crown was claimed by his rival Lothair of Supplinburg. She traveled with her husband to Italy in 1116, was controversially crowned in St Peter's Basilica, and acted as the imperial regent in Italy. The daughter of King Henry I of England, she moved to Germany as a child when she married the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. 7 February 1102 – 10 September 1167), also known as the Empress Maude, was one of the claimants to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy. Through her mother's mother, she was descended from more kings of England: Edmund II "Ironside," Ethelred II "the Unready," Edgar "the Peaceable," Edmund I "the Magnificent," Edward I "the Elder" and Alfred "the Great.Empress Matilda ( c. Through her father, Matilda was descended from the Norman conquerors of England, including her grandfather William I, Duke of Normandy and King of England, known as William the Conqueror.
Matilda was born on or about February 7, 1102, as the daughter of Henry I ("Henry Longshanks" or "Henry Beauclerc"), the Duke of Normandy and King of England. Children: Henry II of England, Geoffrey, Count of Nantes, William FitzEmpress.Spouse(s): Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou.Parents: Henry I of England, Matilda of Scotland.Februin either Winchester or Sutton Courtenay, England Also Known As: Empress Maud, Holy Roman Empress German Queen Queen of Italy.Known For: Member of the British royal family whose claim to the throne sparked a civil war.
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